BASE64编码的图片在网页中的显示问题的解决

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1.为什么要用到BASE64编码的图片信息

Base64是网络上最常见的用于传输8Bit字节代码的编码方式之一。Base64主要不是加密，它主要的用途是把一些二进制数转成普通字符用于网络传输。由于一些二进制字符在传输协议中属于控制字符，不能直接传送需要转换一下。最常见的用途是作为电子邮件或WebService附件的传输编码.

2.base64编码定义

目前的internet e-mail标准–简单邮件传递协议(smtp)在rfc821中规定了两条重要但不难实现的限制：

1) 邮件的内容必须全部为7-比特的美国ascii码。

2) 每一行的长度不能超过1000的字符。

因此为了通过smtp用e-mail进行传送,内存的序列化对象必须转化为和以上相容的格式。

rfc1521提供了一个可行的方案。它定义了邮件的内容部分,使之能包涵多种形式的数据。这种标准就是目前众所周知的mime。

按照rfc1521编码过程为:输入是24个比特,输出是4个字节。24个比特输入组从左至右由3个8比特的输入组形成。这24个比特被看成4个连续的6比特组,而每个6比特输入组被翻译为base64码表中的一个数字。依次反复不断进行，直到全部输入数据转换完成。

如果最后剩下两个输入数据，在编码结果后加1个“=”；如果最后剩下一个输入数据，编码结果后加2个“=”；如果没有剩下任何数据，就什么都不要加，这样才可以保证资料还原的正确性。

完整的base64定义可见 RFC1421和 RFC2045。编码后的数据比原始数据略长，为原来的4/3。在电子邮件中，根据RFC822规定，每76个字符，还需要加上一个回车换行。可以估算编码后数据长度大约为原长的135.1%。

3.如何进行base64编码

Base64 使用US-ASCII子集的65个字符, 每个字符用6位表示

对于文本串，编码过程如下。例如"men":

先转成US-ASCII值.

"m"十进制 109

"e"十进制 101

"n"十进制 110

二进制 :

m 01101101

e 01100101

n 01101110

三个8位连起来是24位

011011010110010101101110

然后分成4个6位

011011 010110 010101 101110

现在得到4个值，十进制为

27 22 21 46

对应的 Base64 字符是 : b W V u

编码总是基于3个字符，从而产生4个Base64字符。

如果只是2个字符的数据，使用特殊字符"="补齐Base64的4字。

如，编码"me"

01101101 01100101

0110110101100101

011011 010110 0101

111111 (与，补足6位)

011011 010110 010100

b W U

b W U = ("=" 补足4字符)

于是 "bWU=" 就是"me"的Base64值.

如果只是2个字符的数据,如编码 "m"

01101101

011011 01

111111

011011 010000

b Q = =

于是 "bQ==" 就是"m"的Base64值.

4.显示被存储为Base64编码字符串的图片的例子

1) 使用data: URI直接在网页中嵌入.

data: URI定义于IETF标准的RFC 2397

data: URI的基本使用格式如下：

data:[<MIME-type>][;base64|charset=some_charset],<data>

mime-type是嵌入数据的mime类型，比如png图片就是image/png。

后面跟base64，说明后面的data是采用base64方式进行编码的

这种方式,Firfox、Opera、Safari和Konqueror这些浏览器都已经支持，但是IE直到7.0版本都还没有支持.所以,比较好的做法是在服务器端将base64编码的字符串转换成byte流.这里,我提供了java的实现方法.

2) 字符串转换成byte流,然后显示出来

在java中,提供了一个用于编码和解码(encode/decode )base64字符串和数据流的Java开源类库Java Base64.

服务器端代码

package test;
import java.io.*;
import java.text.*;
import java.util.*;
import javax.servlet.*;
import javax.servlet.http.*;
mport sun.misc.BASE64Decoder;
import sun.misc.BASE64Encoder;
 
public class ImgShow extends HttpServlet {
public void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse res)
throws ServletException, IOException {
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2pkxuQyiQjtI5U0Fwcjwr1RQFFFFB//Z&quot;;
try{
res.setContentType(&quot;image/*&quot;); // 设置返回的文件类型
OutputStream toClient = res.getOutputStream();
GenerateImage(xmlImg,toClient);
}catch(Exception ex){
System.out.println(ex.toString());
}
 
}
 
// 对字节数组字符串进行Base64解码并生成图片
public static boolean GenerateImage(String imgStr,OutputStream out) {
if (imgStr == null) // 图像数据为空
return false;
BASE64Decoder decoder = new BASE64Decoder();
try {
// Base64解码
byte[] b = decoder.decodeBuffer(imgStr);
for (int i = 0; i &lt; b.length; ++i) {
if (b[i] &lt; 0) {// 调整异常数据
b[i] += 256;
}
}
//&#160;&#160; OutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(imgFilePath);
out.write(b);
out.flush();
out.close();
return true;
} catch (Exception e) {
return false;
}
}
}

package test; import java.io.*; import java.text.*; import java.util.*; import javax.servlet.*; import javax.servlet.http.*; mport sun.misc.BASE64Decoder; import sun.misc.BASE64Encoder; public class ImgShow extends HttpServlet { public void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse res) throws ServletException, IOException { String xmlImg="/9j/4AAQSkZJRgABAQAAAQABAAD/2wBDAAkGBwgHBgkIBwgKCgkLDRYPDQwMDRsUFRAWIB0iIiAd Hx8kKDQsJCYxJx8fLT0tMTU3Ojo6Iys/RD84QzQ5Ojf/2wBDAQoKCg0MDRoPDxo3JR8lNzc3Nzc3 Nzc3Nzc3Nzc3Nzc3Nzc3Nzc3Nzc3Nzc3Nzc3Nzc3Nzc3Nzc3Nzc3Nzc3Nzf/wAARCACKAGMDASIA AhEBAxEB/8QAGwAAAgMBAQEAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAQBAwUGAgf/xABCEAACAQMBBAYHAwoFBQAAAAAB AgMABBEFBhIhMRNBUWFxgRQiMkKRocEjUtEHFTNicoKSsbLCFqLS4fAlNDVTdP/EABQBAQAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAD/xAAUEQEAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA/9oADAMBAAIRAxEAPwD7hRUVNBBIAyTw ql7uBAS0gAHXzrzqF3HaQb8nEkhVXGSxPIAVRbxyyMJZx9pzVM5Cf70FhupZf+2gbH35QUHw51Tc R6nIv2V3bRn/AOdj/eKfVMcySa9bo7B8KDm5I9qIDvQXNjcge4yMuf5/zrS0fULq6jddSsWs50OC N/eR+9Tw+BFadK3kEcxi6WFJVV84YZAPLl50DVFLSxPCnSWo4rzj6mHYOw17trhLiISIeB6uyguo oooIooooJqCd0ZPKprH2jkZ7ZLKNiHu3ER3ee7zf/LkeLCgrsCdVvG1DOYFylrw4BeRk8W447FAP XW0ihBha8W0K28CRIAqqAAByFW0BRRRQRUMoIwe3NeqW1C49FtWl4ZBAAPXxoGKQnRrK4NzGPsXP 2ydn647+3tHHq4tWdwl1bpMnJh8Oo1awDKQaAUhgCDkGppa0HRb0B4BOKD9X/b8KZoCiiiggnAJr Ets3m0Ukh4x2kW6v7THif8vyFbUmdw45ngKy9nlUx3lwvKW6dVP6qfZj+knzoNaioqaAooqMgY76 BLULKe6dGh1G4tAoIYRBfWyDx4g8ckfCud13S5t5YRrWpMI4Zrl8unqgKQPd6y3Dwrpbu5SNTlwF HM9n/OJ8qyp4JbzTdRnUYlvkFvDn3Yz6o+bMaBHZ+yugZrGTVrxDupcxFdzJSRRnmpzhlbs9qupt ozFBHG0rzFVA6STG83ecACsrW19Aez1OIYS0PRTAf+hsAn90hW8A1aVnMJBImcmNyPI8R8iKDzfH olS5HOI+t3qef40yDkZFVXib9rKo4kqcUvo0/T2EeeaeofLl8sUDtFFFBTezrbWstw/sxI0jeABP 0pDZRGTZzTw/tmEM57WPE/MmvO1bFdnr1BzlQRD98hfrTWiYOj2RHIwIfkKBwsAyjtqia5C3CwLx fd3iO7kPjx+Bqq9n6GRXIJ3QcAcSTwAHzpLZ/pJI7jUrtvWuHLIx4KsY4LjuwM+B7c0GszCOMtIw HaTWYb83N0VgzuL6iEe83vHwAwPEnsrOe8k1y8dYnMenQrvvIOBZeYOe1uY7FGfeFWCY2enNcxwg zzKBBCOGAfYXu7T2CgVvJW1TXo9HtWzFbgS3jjkAfZXxP9PiK19SXUAFEF1DZwp7O5bmeQ8OzkPg anZvRxpNiRI3SXc7ma5lI4vI3PyHAAdQFcL+V7S9o9Z02aXTGlFnZToDZxpvekLu5aRl94BiF3cH 2WPHhQdtpt1bXu/atqbXjlSHRhFxHWCFHAeNI2k0mj6vBp87MyOBFFIx9tMncz3j1lPb6p68Vw/5 ONlPzisuqa7HEJ5IwkUsFmtt0DhhuGPdVfWHrZIHWAc8RXW7YrOdU0yGBs3LgNE5HvxneHkTQdme IwaxdEboL+9s26nLr39vyK1qWdwl3aQ3MXsSoHXPYRmkujWPXt48Olh3ge9eHzBPwoNOijFFBj7T ENaxxdpaQjuVT9StM6D/AOHtB92ML8OH0pLaNt2Kdzyjt8A97MM/00/o43bIJ91iPr9aDI2oumjt dQihfE4iG7jmu9jB+K1DRnXehgtiE0iJF3sH9Pw9VB+p2nrHLgc142q09ZjJeNI6rEUWUZ4GM4z4 cevsz3YX/JhqAudDnsXcNPp1y8Dke8Oat4EH5UG3f20Vtpno68I5ZB0zdbAnLnxIBHyFNQ2280c1 wg6UZbH3WPD5DhRJH6VeoG/RWx3iPvSEcPgDnxI7KcoIqi5s7e6ZWnjDOnsuCVZfAjiKYooK1gjB U7u8V5FiWI8zXG7azrDtTs4GOFJmLnOMDC8SfjXbV8t2+H5z/KBYWIHSRWtkJJVABALu2Ac/sg4+ lB2uyV2l1ZXHRDEC3DmDviY7ynzzw7sUzqR6O8tJh7kgU+DHd/k1J6IBbX7W4JO/AjEk+8C2f6hT mtIWiYKPW3GI8Rx+lBp0UKQyhhyPEUUGJtYP+lPu+0x+OBWhp5CpKOrpB81U/WkdpDvQFOeEyfN1 X6mrFl6Gwu5vuRiT+FB/poGL+Pehu1PsyQH4jP4iuEtLj8w7b2V3wSx1fToUuMDAWRSEV/IlV/fz 1V9CuAHjA573qjzBrgdeiD6Zs7dMqMolmtHDjgVdW592YxQfQ0UKDjrJJr1WNp18ltBDHNKzwMej jlkOWVgPZc+R9b48eJ2M9lAVOaivEsqQoXkYKo+fd30FOp39rpen3F/fSrFbW6F5HY8gK+Y7IdNq mr32u3ilbm+m3kRj+iQDCL3YUDJ/kSSiW3Wr3Ov65Lp1xMbTT7N23YSQCzKAekkPHlngMHHA8ScU 7sxMvo7rArdBECDvDJc893B7zkjrJCk+2zB2lkQdajZMlVg3QfF0OfMHPgR1k1r3RDXkCHrz81b8 Kz7GHcie5b2jIMnOc8QefX1caZuJM6laHtyD5HH1oNGFSkKKfdUD5UVIGBiigx9aG9bXr9jwR/B1 P91REOn069h7YWQ/w4/Grtfj3NHvXXmMSn90qf7aX0hsy6omf0cpTH8X0IoGNEuTd7PaVdMcma3g kPmqn61kR6et/onorFlEGovulDxUb7YI8mB8687C3Jk2E08k5MDmA925MUHyArY0ldy7vVHsySmT l+7j/L8+6gwtTSSPZu5eNVLwqk6gcAAjBmPhugjryFHOvelXF/DZme2k+zBA9HkRnXPUBjiCeeBk Dsqdaa5/Nl3bRjennPo2FIOWcbvDtALDPnnHCuhhtDapGsIDRqeCjhjJOST1nt86DOg1DaC7bdj0 a3tUzxmubrPDtCKuT4ErWpbWjI/TXUxnn6mK7qp3KvV8z301U0Hx7anTIv8AGN+8zMCZ42QFeDFl UgD73EnhyyBkjhjatjbQ6TMsSIqLCd0L75ZSRnxBLfsnPOQhew1XRLe+ufSJULl1ETqCRlc4zwPY TzzWZf7NRxJJP0zMN1x0eAFyx4YHmM8eOO80DtpcGaLVowSRDPwJ5n1VP414dw05mHEQXAJ8Gcf6 s+VJ7NSia51ZieEzdJ/E0v0ApzQ06aTUonwQrpGQf2Bmg36KAMADOaKCu7gW6tZrd/ZlRkPgRisL Z/JvdeQnLi4APj0a/XNdF1VjaTbG01W9V/anUTHzkk/kCooOc2GJi2U1OPPCHUZiO4Flf+6ulsgj 3U0YLZZpd4g4ON/l3f8AO2sDZmzntdA15JUKlrmR0z1jcUfSuo02LAaXHtu5znqLkj+dBZLbBJIJ IY1xCGUIABwOOXV1VatxGThiVPY6kVbRQKw39tM7qkqEKSN7eGDjnVqy9IfsgSv3zy8u2vXRoWDF FLduK90EAY680lrR3dLuH+4oc+AIP0p6qriETwvExIDDGRQcZoKPZy3AcFWxAHXsJE2Rnr4mtfY9 +mj1Gf792f6E/Gqtpk9DQyxL+kCoMdbgPu/M0/szaGzsJEIwWmZuXVwA+QFBr0UUUBSd0pS9tZxy 9aJu4Ngj5rjzpyjGedBSYFMMkQHqvnPnXjTVKafbK3tCJQfHHGmaKAqOupooCiiigKKKKBO/sheS 2pkxuQyiQjtI5U0Fwcjwr1RQFFFFB//Z"; try{ res.setContentType("image/*"); // 设置返回的文件类型 OutputStream toClient = res.getOutputStream(); GenerateImage(xmlImg,toClient); }catch(Exception ex){ System.out.println(ex.toString()); } } // 对字节数组字符串进行Base64解码并生成图片 public static boolean GenerateImage(String imgStr,OutputStream out) { if (imgStr == null) // 图像数据为空 return false; BASE64Decoder decoder = new BASE64Decoder(); try { // Base64解码 byte[] b = decoder.decodeBuffer(imgStr); for (int i = 0; i < b.length; ++i) { if (b[i] < 0) {// 调整异常数据 b[i] += 256; } } //   OutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(imgFilePath); out.write(b); out.flush(); out.close(); return true; } catch (Exception e) { return false; } } }

转载自：http://www.javaeye.com/topic/314651 作者：mfcai

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BASE64编码的图片在网页中的显示问题的解决